基于稀疏阵列的近场通信与感知方法

摘要：超大规模阵列的应用可以显著增加传输距离和提高频谱效率，克服路径损耗，从而为通信领域带来新的发展机遇。在超大规模阵列中用户往往处于辐射近场区域，因此通信系统需要采用更为精准的球面波模型。然而，超大规模阵列面临硬件成本和能耗高以及信号处理算法复杂等问题。为解决该问题，本文提出利用稀疏阵列构造超大规模阵列，赋能近场通感一体化。本文分别对稀疏阵列在远场和近场通信与感知中的关键问题进行了深入分析，并阐述现有稀疏阵列应用的挑战，提出未来稀疏阵列的研究方向。

关键词：稀疏阵列；超大规模阵列；近场通信；近场感知

Abstract: The application of extremely large-scale array can significantly increase transmission distance and enhance spectral efficiency, overcoming path loss and thus bringing new development opportunities to communications. With users potentially located in the near-field region of the base station equipped with an extremely large-scale array, a more accurate spherical wave model need to be adopted. However, extremely large-scale array faces challenges such as high hardware costs, energy consumption, and complex signal processing algorithms. To address this issue, this paper proposes to utilize the sparse array to construct extremely large-scale array, enabling integrated sensing and communication. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the key issues of sparse arrays in both far-field and near-field communication and sensing, elaborating the challenges of existing sparse array applications, and then proposes future research directions for sparse arrays.

Keywords: sparse array; extremely large-scale array; near-field communication; near-field sensing