Device Activity Detection and Channel Estimation Using Score-Based Generative Models in Massive MIMO

Abstract: The growing demand for wireless connectivity has made massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) a cornerstone of modern communication systems. To optimize network performance and resource allocation, an efficient and robust approach is joint device activity detection and channel estimation. In this paper, we present an approach utilizing score-based generative models to address the under-determined nature of channel estimation, which is data-driven and well-suited for the complex and dynamic environment of massive MIMO systems. Our experimental results, based on a comprehensive dataset generated through Monte-Carlo sampling, demonstrate the high precision of our channel estimation approach, with errors reduced to as low as −45 dB, and exceptional accuracy in detecting active devices.

Keywords: activity detection; channel estimation; inverse problem; score-based generative models; massive MIMO