数据中心液冷散热技术及应用

摘要：数字技术的创新演进与蓬勃发展，推动算力需求持续提升，数据中心能耗呈指数型增长。在可持续发展、“双碳”、新型数据中心等政策理念指引下，数据中心制冷技术正式迈入液冷阶段。首先从芯片、设备、机柜散热诉求，机房节能诉求等多个维度，深入探讨液冷技术的必要性与优势，同时针对多种液冷方案从架构、原理、关键组成等方面进行深入分析。其次，通过散热能力、节能效果、维护性、技术成熟度等方面的综合对比，短中期单相冷板式液冷将更具优势。最后，探讨了当前数据中心液冷在可靠性、散热强化、低成本等维度的研究趋势。

关键词：散热技术；机房节能；液冷散热；冷板式液冷；浸没式液冷

Abstract: The innovative evolution and vigorous development of digital technology have led to a continuous increase in computing power demand and an exponential growth in data center energy consumption. Under the guidance of policies such as sustainable development, "dual carbon" goals, and new-style data centers, data center refrigeration technology has officially entered the liquid cooling stage. This work first discusses the necessity and advantages of liquid cooling technology from the aspects of chip/equipment/cabinet heat dissipation requirements and energy saving requirements, and based on the architecture, principles, and key components, a variety of liquid cooling technology solutions are deeply analyzed. Secondly, through a comprehensive comparison of heat dissipation capacity, energy-saving effect, maintainability, and technical maturity, it can be seen that single-phase cold plate liquid cooling will have more advantages in the short and medium term. Finally, the current research trends of data center liquid cooling in terms of reliability, heat dissipation enhancement, and low cost are discussed.

Keywords: heat dissipation technology; computer room energy saving; liquid cooling heat dissipation; cold plate liquid cooling; immersion liquid cooling